10 Common Causes of Low Water Pressure
There’s a distinct satisfaction in the forceful spray of a shower or the quick filling of a kitchen pot. But when the water trickles out with little gusto, the daily rituals we often take for granted can become prolonged and frustrating endeavors. Low water pressure is more than just an inconvenience. Is the culprit an aging infrastructure, a local water main issue, or perhaps something within the confines of your home?
1. Faulty Pressure Regulator
Homes with a pressure regulator can experience low water pressure if the regulator malfunctions. The regulator is designed to maintain a safe water pressure level, but if it fails, it might reduce the pressure too much. A professional plumber will first verify if your home uses a pressure regulator by checking where the main water line comes into your property. They can test the regulator’s pressure using a pressure gauge and adjust it accordingly, or recommend replacement if it’s faulty.
2. Leaking Pipes
If there’s a significant leak in your plumbing system, it can divert water away from its intended destination, leading to noticeable drops in water pressure. Plumbers will conduct a thorough inspection of your home’s plumbing system to locate any leaks. They use specialized equipment that can detect leaks behind walls or underground. Once identified, they will repair or replace the leaking sections of the pipe.
3. Peak Usage Times
During certain times of the day, especially early morning or evening, many people use water simultaneously, leading to a temporary drop in pressure. While plumbers can’t change community water usage, they can increase your home’s ability to handle these drops in pressure by installing a water pressure booster pump. This pump can help maintain stable water pressure, even during peak usage times.
4. Corroded Plumbing
Older homes might have steel or cast iron pipes that can corrode internally over time. This corrosion narrows the pipe’s diameter, restricting water flow and reducing pressure. For corroded pipes, plumbers often recommend replacing sections of the plumbing that are badly corroded, usually with copper or PVC piping, which is more resistant to corrosion. This not only resolves water pressure issues but also improves the overall health of your plumbing system.
5. Blocked or Damaged Fixtures
While this usually affects water pressure at specific locations, if multiple fixtures (faucets, showerheads, etc.) become clogged with mineral deposits or sediment, it can seem like a whole-house issue. Plumbers can disassemble faucets and showerheads to clean out any mineral buildup. If the fixtures are damaged or too heavily blocked, a plumber might recommend replacing them with newer ones that are more efficient and less prone to clogging.
6. Pipe Size
In some older homes or renovations, the pipe diameter might be too small for the current water demand. This can restrict the volume of water flowing, leading to reduced pressure. A professional will assess the water demand of your home and the capacity of your current plumbing. If the pipes are not adequate, they can undertake a project to replace them with larger diameter ones, ensuring that your system meets the current demand.
7. Water Valve Issues
Ensure that the main water valves (typically found near the water meter and where the service line enters the home) are fully open. A partially closed valve can restrict water flow. Plumbers will inspect both the home’s interior shut-off valves and the main water valve. They will make sure these are fully opened, and if a valve is faulty, they have the tools and expertise to repair or replace it.
8. Blocked Service Pipes
Over time, the main service pipes leading to your home can become clogged with sediment, mineral deposits, or even external intrusions like tree roots. This can significantly reduce the water flow to your home. Professional plumbers use tools like video inspection systems to check service pipes for blockages. They’ll employ methods such as hydro jetting to clear out sediment and debris or make repairs if there are issues like tree root intrusion.
9. Elevated Water Storage
 For homes that rely on gravity-fed systems from overhead tanks, the height and size of the storage can affect the water pressure. If the tank isn’t elevated enough or if it’s undersized for the home’s demand, it can result in low pressure. Plumbers can assess your current system and suggest increasing the height of the overhead storage tank to improve pressure. Alternatively, they might recommend installing a booster pump to compensate for low gravity-fed pressure.
10. Municipal Supply Issues
Sometimes, the problem is not within the home but originates from the municipal water supply. Maintenance, repairs, or high demand can temporarily reduce water pressure in your area. Although plumbers do not have control over the municipal water supply, they can install pressure tanks that help normalize the water pressure within your home.
Conclusion
For homeowners experiencing low water pressure, identifying the cause is the first step to finding an effective solution. While some issues can be addressed with DIY fixes, others might require the expertise of a professional plumber. It’s always beneficial to address water pressure issues promptly to ensure the plumbing system functions efficiently and to prevent potential complications.